C278D Fiat 503 shows up when there's an electrical problem that causes the fuel volume regulator to malfunction and open. It's quite an unusual problem and likely intermittent. So if the problem persists despite of your diagnosis, then you should never hesitate to take your vehicle to your dealer or to a qualified mechanic.
Possible Causes :
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Look for damage to the tank indicating impact that may have damaged the fuel pump or sender. Use the DVOM to test resistance and continuity on all system circuits if actuator and sensor resistance levels are in compliance with manufacturer's specifications.
Diagnostic trouble code C278D Fiat 503 is not difficult to diagnose and repair. Thus, it always pays to have a qualified technician to look after your vehicle should this error code arise.
Diagnosing this code requires the engine to be in good running shape, without unmetered air entering the engine. If other codes that relates to misfiring condition, lean running or air entering the engine is present, then you must first fix those error codes before C278D Fiat 503.
Fortunately, C278D Fiat 503 is a fairly common OBD code, meaning that it applies to all makes and models of vehicles made after 1996.